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GENETIC TESTING

Find out about any changes in the embryo’s genes before it is transferred into the uterus

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GENETIC TESTING

The term, genetic testing is another way of saying, “screen the embryos to make sure they have the correct number of chromosomes.” Every person has 23 sets of chromosomes. If there is an extra or missing chromosome, it can lead to miscarriages or birth defects. Additionally, sex chromosomes can also be tested to determine the embryos. After embryos are produced through IVF, 3 to 5 cells are removed from tissue that will ultimately be the placenta and sent to the lab for analysis. We can also test for specific disease-causing mutations that may run in your family, such as cystic fibrosis or cancer related BRCA mutation..

FAQ

What is preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT)?

Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is a procedure used to identify genetic abnormalities in embryos created with in vitro fertilization (IVF). PGT is performed before embryos are transferred to the uterus. The PGT process can show if an embryo has a specific genetic condition or chromosome abnormality.

Are there different types of PGT?
There are three types of PGT:

1. Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy (PGT-A): This type of PGT screens embryos for certain types of chromosome abnormalities. Embryos with aneuploidy are more likely to result in miscarriage or a failed IVF cycle.

2. Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic disorders (PGT-M): This type of PGT is performed when a patient has an increased risk for a specific genetic condition to occur in embryos.

3. Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Structural Rearrangements (PGT-SR): This type of PGT is performed when a patient or their partner has a rearrangement of their own chromosomes such as a translocation or inversion. Embryos with missing or extra pieces of chromosomes are more likely to result in miscarriage or a child with serious health issues.

What are the criteria for choosing PGT?
PGT-A can be performed for any IVF cycle, but the decision to have this testing is complex and should be made after careful discussion with your physician or genetic counselor. PGT-A is mostly considered for patients who have had recurrent pregnancy losses (miscarriages), multiple failed IVF cycles, a prior pregnancy or child with certain chromosome abnormalities. By contrast, PGT-M and PGT-SR are only performed when the patient, their partner and/or their donor have abnormal genetic test results that put the embryos at increased risk for a genetic disorder. PGT-M is an option for patients with an increased risk for a single gene disorder in their embryos, such as sickle cell anemia. PGT-SR is an option for patients who have a chromosome translocation or inversion. These two procedures allow patients the opportunity to reduce the risk of having an affected child prior to becoming pregnant.
Are there risks to the embryo(s) from the PGT process?
Sadly, yes. When cells are removed from each embryo for PGT (the biopsy process), there is a small chance of damaging the embryo. Additionally, since the embryo(s) must be frozen while PGT is performed, they must also undergo a thawing procedure prior to transfer. In our center’s experience, the survival rate of embryos that were biopsied and later thawed is 97%.
Do I need genetic counseling?
We strongly encourage all patients who are interested in PGT to have an appointment with our genetic counselor. This consultation will ensure you understand the benefits, limitations as well as the risks of this testing. The genetic counselor will also determine if there are any additional concerns based on your personal and family history that should be addressed prior to your IVF cycle.

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